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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Bridge in Langley, British Columbia, Canada}}
{{Infobox Bridge
|bridge_name = Golden Ears Bridge
|image = On the Golden Ears Bridge.jpg
|caption = Golden Ears Bridge from Langley
|carries = 6 lanes of [[Golden Ears Way]], pedestrians and bicycles
|crosses = [[Fraser River]]
|locale = [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Township of Langley]]<br />[[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]]
|maint = [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]]
|designer = Buckland & Taylor
|cost = $808 million
|design = [[extradosed bridge]]
|length = 976 m<ref name="civil.bilfinger.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|title=Implenia Schweiz – das führende Baudienstleistungsunternehmen|access-date=2011-09-23|archive-date=2012-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824144607/http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2410 m including approaches)
|mainspan = 244 m<ref name="civil.bilfinger.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|title=Implenia Schweiz – das führende Baudienstleistungsunternehmen|access-date=2011-09-23|archive-date=2012-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824144607/http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|begin = June 29, 2006
|complete = June 2009
|open = June 16, 2009 (Traffic)
|coordinates = {{coord|49.1967|N|122.665829|W|scale:25000|display=inline,title}}
|traffic = 30,000
}}
The '''Golden Ears Bridge''' is a six-lane [[extradosed bridge]]<ref>[http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Buckland & Taylor case study] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm |date=June 4, 2011 }}</ref> in [[Metro Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It spans the [[Fraser River]], connecting [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]] on the south side with [[Pitt Meadows, British Columbia|Pitt Meadows]] and [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]] on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.<ref name="tl annual report">{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |title=TransLink 2010 Annual Report |author=TransLink |date=2011 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122045129/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |archive-date=2012-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==About the bridge==
The bridge, owned by [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]], has a clearance of {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and a total length of {{convert|2410|m|ft|abbr=on}} including approaches. The extradosed bridge incorporates three main spans, each {{convert|244|m|ft|abbr=on}} long and two shoreline spans, each {{convert|122|m|ft|abbr=on}} long for total length of {{convert|976|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="civil.bilfinger.com"/> which makes it the longest extradosed bridge in North America. Eight pylons are situated in the river, 4 of which are {{convert|90|m|ft|abbr=on}} high.
The bridge features bike-pedestrian protected lanes on each side. It boasts two golden metal eagle sculptures at the top of the bridge that were fashioned by a German company – after the initial sculptural design by a U.S. firm was abandoned for structural weakness.<ref name="InsideVan">{{cite web |url=http://www.insidevancouver.ca/2011/05/26/golden-ears-bridge-a-nod-to-nature-and-aboriginal-heritage/ |title=Golden Ears Bridge – A Nod to Nature and Aboriginal Heritage |author=Jean |date=May 26, 2011 |work=Inside Vancouver |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
The project was named through a community process and reflects the well-known lower [[Fraser Valley]] landmark, the [[Golden Ears (mountain)|Golden Ears]] peaks, which crown [[Mount Blanshard]] in [[Golden Ears Provincial Park]]. The successful submission to name the bridge was that of George Tabert, a local pastor.
===Construction===
[[File:Golden Ears Bridge completed.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Golden Ears Bridge in Langley.]] The bridge was constructed by a joint venture of [[CH2M Hill]] and [[Bilfinger Berger]] called Golden Crossing Constructors Joint Venture, at a final cost of $808 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/02/16/bc-golden-ears-toll.html |title=Taxpayers off hook for toll shortfall |date=February 16, 2011 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> The construction project, officially launched in June 2006, created 14 kilometres of new road.<ref>{{Structurae|id=20013072|title=Golden Ears Bridge}}</ref> [[Golden Ears Way]] has direct connections to [[British Columbia Highway 7|Lougheed Highway]], Maple Meadows Way, 113B Avenue, 200th Street, 176th Street ([[British Columbia Highway 15|Highway 15]]) and the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] ([[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]]). The completed bridge opened at 2:00AM on June 16, 2009.
The project was planned to permit archaeological teams to comb through a part of First Nations land that the bridge passed through. The team, led by a [[Simon Fraser University]] archaeology professor, discovered pottery shards, metal implements and 3,600-year-old [[Sagittaria|wapato]], or [[potatoes]], evidence that the aboriginal peoples in the area engaged in farming.<ref name="InsideVan"/> Some members of the [[Coast Salish peoples|Coast Salish]] [[Katzie]] Nation decried the way that the bridge affected what they described as a "3000 year old burial ground".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defendersoftheland.org/story/154 |title=Coast Salish Katzie Nation Blockade Golden Ears Bridge |author=Salmon Sovereignty |date=February 13, 2010 |work=Defenders of the Land Network |access-date=January 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424202624/http://www.defendersoftheland.org/story/154 |archive-date=April 24, 2012 }}</ref>
Bilfinger Berger applied to the federal government to bring in foreigners to work on the bridge, arguing that there was a shortage of qualified construction workers in Canada. The [[BC Federation of Labour]] disagreed, arguing that Bilfinger Berger was simply unprepared to pay market rates for skilled workers and wanted to exploit foreigners.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thetyee.ca/News/2006/09/01/Ironworkers/ |title=Canadian Ironworkers Shut out of Big Bridge Job, Say Unions, Contractors |author=Tom Sandborn |date=September 1, 2006 |work=The Tyee |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
===Financing===
[[File:GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Underneath view of the Golden Ears Bridge Langley – showing concrete girder components.]]The Golden Ears Bridge had a fixed total construction cost of $808 million ([[Canadian dollar|CAD]]), well over the initial budget of $600 million.<ref name="Georgia Straight">{{cite web |url=https://www.straight.com/article-232460/golden-ears-bridge-attracts-tens-thousands-what-cost |title=Golden Ears Bridge attracts tens of thousands, but at what cost? |author=Charlie Smith |date=June 14, 2009 |work=Georgia Straight |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106110117/http://www.straight.com/article-232460/golden-ears-bridge-attracts-tens-thousands-what-cost |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The project was financed as a [[Public Private Partnership]] (P3) through which TransLink is leasing back the bridge over a 35-year timeframe. The P3 was administered by the provincial government organization [[Partnerships BC]]. This aspect of the project was controversial and it led Vancouver city councillor [[David Cadman]] to vote against the project when it was presented to the TransLink board for approval.<ref name="Georgia Straight"/>
===Former ferry===
After the opening of the bridge TransLink ceased operation of the [[Albion Ferry]] on July 31, 2009,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/07/31/bc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html |title=Albion Ferry makes final voyage |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=July 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628224104/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/07/31/bc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html |archive-date=2011-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a passenger/vehicle [[ferry]] that had been operational since June 7, 1957. The Albion Ferry employed 59 full-time and 18 auxiliary employees for its run between Maple Ridge and Langley. In 2003, annual traffic on the free ferry amounted to 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tetracom.ca/transtalk/?p=2139 |title=Golden Ears Bridge traffic disappoints |date=February 17, 2011 |work=Trans-Talk |publisher=Tetracom Logistics |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> After the bridge opened, the ferries ceased to be used and the two ferries were sold in 2011 for $400,000 to a local marine transportation company.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2011/December/Albion-Ferries-Sold-to-BC-Buyer.aspx | title=Albion Ferries sold to BC buyer | date=December 30, 2011 | access-date=November 17, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126020124/http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2011/December/Albion-Ferries-Sold-to-BC-Buyer.aspx | archive-date=January 26, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Timeline ==
===2004===
* August 6 – Environmental certification was received<ref name="translink-2004-08">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news08060401.asp |title=Golden Ears Bridge receives EAO certification |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2004-08-06 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004161740/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news08060401.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* September 15 – TransLink and the [[Katzie First Nation]] signed a Benefit Agreement
* November – The ''Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Act'' was amended to allow for tolling
===2005===
* January – A Request for Proposals was issued for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation
* February 16 – A bylaw governing tolling was passed by TransLink<ref name="translink-2005-02">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/board_files/meet_agenda_min/2005/03_11_05/feb16minutes.pdf |title=TransLink Board Meeting Minutes |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2005-02-16 |pages=3 |access-date=2006-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050513142356/http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/board_files/meet_agenda_min/2005/03_11_05/feb16minutes.pdf |archive-date=May 13, 2005 }}</ref>
* June 22 – TransLink and the four municipalities ([[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]], [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]], [[Pitt Meadows]] and [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]) finalized the Golden Ears Bridge ''Master Municipal Agreement''<ref name="translink-2005-06">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06220501.asp |title=TransLink and four municipalities finalize Golden Ears Bridge agreement |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2005-06-22 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004152903/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06220501.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* December 7 – TransLink selected ''Golden Crossing Group'' as the proponent to design, build, finance, operate, and maintain the bridge.<ref name="translink-2005-12">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news12070502.asp |title=TransLink Selects Preferred Proponent for Golden Ears Bridge |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2005-12-07 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004150709/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news12070502.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===2006===
* June 29 – Construction began.<ref name="translink-2006-06">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06290602.asp |title=Construction on Golden Ears Bridge is officially launched |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2006-06-29 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004134715/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06290602.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===2007===
* June 5 – Pile cap and pier construction underway on the bridge.
===2008===
* June 20 – 3,600-year-old native site found with evidence of native horticulture. Excavation to end and construction to resume by mid-July.<ref name="The-Leader-2008-06">{{cite web|url=http://www.bclocalnews.com/surrey_area/surreyleader/news/Ancient_Harvest.html|title=Ancient Harvest|publisher=The Surrey Leader|date=2008-06-20|access-date=2008-06-24}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
===2009===
* June 14 – Bridge opened to pedestrians only
* June 16 – Bridge opened to traffic
===2017===
* September 1 – Tolls are removed.<ref name=toll/>
==Usage==
During an initial toll-free introductory period in 2009, traffic averaged 37,000 crossings per day. Once tolls took effect, daily traffic dropped.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2009/July/Tolling-on-the-Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx |title=Tolling on the Golden Ears Bridge – things you might want to know (or not) |date=July 16, 2009 |publisher=Translink.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528091740/http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2009/July/Tolling-on-the-Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx |archive-date=May 28, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In January 2010, daily traffic amounted to 21,000 trips. In April 2011 daily traffic had increased to 23,000 trips.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=a0369888-8519-498e-a05c-0f420db27f70 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119095523/http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=a0369888-8519-498e-a05c-0f420db27f70 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |title=Golden Ears toll reduced 30 per cent |author=Doug Ward and Tiffany Crawford |date=April 5, 2011 |work=The Vancouver Sun |publisher=canada.com |access-date=January 2, 2012 }}</ref> This number rose with the bridge serving 30,000 trips each weekday by September 2011. The current 10 million trips annually far exceeds the previous ferry traffic on the route of 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://buzzer.translink.ca/index.php/2011/11/reflecting-on-the-golden-ears-bridge/ |title=Reflecting on the Golden Ears Bridge |date=November 4, 2011 |work=The Buzzer Blog |publisher=Translink.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
== Past tolls ==
The new bridge used an [[Electronic toll collection|electronic tolling]] system to track vehicles that cross to recover construction costs. Tolls had not been used in the [[Lower Mainland]] since the 1960s when they were removed from all bridges. This was also the first electronic toll bridge in Western Canada.
Drivers had the option of opening a tolling account. This includes an electronic tolling device, or transponder, to be mounted on the vehicle's windshield. It detects usage of the bridge, allowing toll charges to be automatically billed to the driver's account, streamlining the tolling process.
Vehicles without an electronic tolling device have their license plates identified through an automated video recognition system, and will be billed accordingly. Drivers of such vehicles also have the option to pay for their trip in advance by establishing a temporary account with a credit card, and pay a lower toll rate than if they did not establish such an account.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/goldenearsbridge/project_information/funding.asp |title=Project Funding |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144217/http://www.translink.bc.ca/goldenearsbridge/project_information/funding.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The video recognition system costs more for Translink to run over the long term because it requires that humans identify plates that the system is misreading and because of the need to respond to misreads in which people are wrongly billed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/07/15/bc-golden-ears-bridge-scan.html |title=Golden Ears Bridge tolls rise despite scanner concerns |date=July 15, 2011 |work=CBC News |publisher=cbc.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
There have been numerous media stories of fraud and people being charged by the automated system for crossing the bridge when they never had done so, including one story in which a local resident was charged for crossing the bridge more than 90 times, when he had never driven across it at all.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/top-cop-nabs-suspect-in-golden-ears-bridge-toll-fraud-1.562991 |title=Top cop nabs suspect in Golden Ears Bridge toll fraud |author=Bethany Lindsay |date=October 14, 2010 |work=CTV News BC |publisher=CTV.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
On July 15, 2016 tolls on the Golden Ears Bridge increased to cover the rise in the Consumer Price Index. The increases range between 5–15 cents, depending on the size of the vehicle and type of account.
On August 25, 2017, B.C. Premier John Horgan announced that all tolls on the Golden Ears bridge will be removed starting September 1, 2017.<ref name=toll>{{cite web|last1=Lindsay|first1=Bethany|title=Tolls to be eliminated on Port Mann and Golden Ears bridges|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/transportation-bc-1.4261972|website=CBC News|language=en|date=August 25, 2017}}</ref>
===Toll rates===
Rates effective up until August 31, 2017. Tolls were removed after September 1, 2017.
{| class="wikitable"
!Type of Vehicle || Toll-Device || Pre-Registered || Unregistered (Pay-as-you-go)
|-
| '''Car''' || $3.15 || $3.70 || $4.40
|-
| '''Truck or bus''' || $6.25 || $6.85 || $7.45
|-
| '' large truck'' || $9.30 || $9.95 || $10.55
|-
| '''Motorcycle''' || not available || $1.50 || $2.90
|}
Above rates are current as of January 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Translink|title=Golden Ears Bridge Toll Rates|url=http://www.translink.ca/en/Getting-Around/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge/Toll-Rates.aspx|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025004112/http://www.translink.ca/en/Getting-Around/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge/Toll-Rates.aspx|archive-date=25 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
TransLink has also experimented with reduced tolls during low-use times such as evenings, weekends, and statutory holidays. They commenced a six-week trial project in April 2011 which reduced tolls by 30% in such times.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.langleyadvance.com/Golden+Ears+Bridge+Variable+toll+rates+piloted+after+hours/4557501/story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908064958/http://www.langleyadvance.com/Golden+Ears+Bridge+Variable+toll+rates+piloted+after+hours/4557501/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 8, 2012 |title=Golden Ears Bridge: Variable toll rates piloted after hours |author=Matthew Claxton |date=April 4, 2011 |work=Langley Advance |publisher=Postmedia |access-date=January 2, 2012 }}</ref>
The Passenger Transportation Board, which regulates [[taxicab|taxi]] services in the [[Lower Mainland]] has created a regulation whereby taxis are to charge passengers a $6.90 surcharge for crossing the bridge, something that must be explained to the passenger in advance of starting the meter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/ptb/documents/Rates/ia-geb-toll-surcharge-jul-2011.pdf |title=Golden Ears Bridge & Taxi Toll Surcharge |date=July 15, 2011 |work=Passenger Transportation Board|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
Bicycles, pedestrians, emergency vehicles and TransLink buses are exempt from the toll.<ref name="tollBoost">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalnews.ca/golden+ears+bridge+tolls+go+up+today/308128/story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115154541/http://www.globalnews.ca/golden+ears+bridge+tolls+go+up+today/308128/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |title=Golden Ears Bridge tolls go up today |author=Peter Meiszner |date=July 15, 2011 |publisher=Global News |access-date=January 2, 2012 }}</ref>
===Toll revenues===
TransLink acknowledged that in the early years of the bridge's operation, revenues have been lower than had been forecasted. The agency has indicated that they expect revenues to increase once drivers can no longer use the nearby [[Port Mann Bridge]] for free, as it will be tolled starting in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mrtimes.com/business/Golden+Ears+bridge+tolls+meeting+targets/4308091/story.html |title=Golden Ears bridge tolls not meeting targets |author=Kelly Sinoski and Maria Rantanen |date=February 18, 2011 |work=Newspaper |publisher=Maple Ridge/Pitt Meadows Times |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617002754/http://www.mrtimes.com/business/Golden+Ears+bridge+tolls+meeting+targets/4308091/story.html |archive-date=June 17, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year || Annual Revenue || Annual Expenditures
|-
| 2010 || $29.6 million || $52.0 million
|-
| 2011 || $33.8 million || $71.7 million
|-
| 2012 || $38.9 million || $78.9 million
|-
| 2013 || $39.5 million || $80.0 million
|}
From 2013 Year-End Financial and Performance Report<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/quarterly_reports/2013/2013_year_end_financial_and_performance_report.ashx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206202637/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/quarterly_reports/2013/2013_year_end_financial_and_performance_report.ashx |archive-date=2015-02-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Toll revenues will rise to track inflation over the thirty-two-year payback period for the bridge which runs until 2040; the toll increase in 2011 was 3.5% on average.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://powellriverpersuader.blogspot.com/2010/03/golden-ears-bridge-boondoggle-revisited.html |title=Golden Ears Bridge Boondoggle Revisited |date=February 16, 2011 |work=The Straight Goods |publisher=Blogspot |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> The difference between the toll revenue and TransLink's costs which it is obligated to pay the bridge’s builder each year will come out of TransLink's general operating budget; in 2011 this shortfall was estimated at $33 million.<ref name="tollBoost"/>
Under its contract, TransLink has agreed to pay the private consortium which built, operates, and maintains the bridge a monthly fee of $500,000 per month in 2009 which rose to $4 million per month in 2011, and will top out at $4.8 million per month in 2015 – a monthly fee that will stay steady until the contract ends in 2041.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vancouversun.com/business/story.html?id=1211646 |title=B.C.'s P3 projects not immune to world financial meltdown |author=JONATHAN FOWLIE AND LORI CULBERT |date=January 23, 2009 |work=Vancouver Sun |publisher=Canada.com |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of crossings of the Fraser River]]
* [[List of bridges in Canada]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Golden Ears Bridge}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100904085126/http://www.translink.ca/en/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx TransLink's Golden Ears Bridge page]
* [http://www.goldenearsbridge.ca/ Golden Ears Bridge construction web site]
* [https://archive.today/20130115132241/http://www.peri.ca/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1467/referencecategory_ID/2.cfm Golden Ears Bridge, PERI Formwork Solution]
* [http://goldenearsbridge.ca/code/navigate.php?Id=1 Design/Build management team's project page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160112050740/http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/ge/GEBMap.pdf Detailed alignment map] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]])
* {{Structurae|id=20013072|title=Golden Ears Bridge}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Golden Ears Bridge Project] at [http://www.b-t.com Buckland and Taylor]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061004161654/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news07290401.asp GVTA News Release on the naming of the Golden Ears Bridge].
{{Vancouver landmarks}}
{{Bridges of Metro Vancouver}}
{{Crossings navbox
|structure = Crossings
|place = [[Fraser River]]
|bridge = Golden Ears Bridge
|bridge signs =
|upstream = [[Mission Bridge]]
|upstream signs =
|downstream = [[Barnston Island Ferry]]
|downstream signs =
}}
[[Category:Bridges in Greater Vancouver]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Fraser River]]
[[Category:Extradosed bridges in Canada]]
[[Category:Transport in Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)]]
[[Category:Maple Ridge, British Columbia]]
[[Category:Pitt Meadows]]
[[Category:Road bridges in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Toll bridges in Canada]]
[[Category:TransLink (British Columbia)]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Bridge in Langley, British Columbia, Canada}}
{{Infobox Bridge
|bridge_name = Golden Ears Bridge
|image = On the Golden Ears Bridge.jpg
|caption = Golden Ears Bridge from Langley
|carries = 6 lanes of [[Golden Ears Way]], pedestrians and bicycles
|crosses = [[Fraser River]]
|locale = [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Township of Langley]]<br />[[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]]
|maint = [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]]
|designer = Buckland & Taylor
|cost = $808 million
|design = [[extradosed bridge]]
|length = 976 m<ref name="civil.bilfinger.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|title=Implenia Schweiz – das führende Baudienstleistungsunternehmen|access-date=2011-09-23|archive-date=2012-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824144607/http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2410 m including approaches)
|mainspan = 244 m<ref name="civil.bilfinger.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|title=Implenia Schweiz – das führende Baudienstleistungsunternehmen|access-date=2011-09-23|archive-date=2012-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824144607/http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|begin = June 29, 2006
|complete = June 2009
|open = June 16, 2009 (Traffic)
|coordinates = {{coord|49.1967|N|122.665829|W|scale:25000|display=inline,title}}
|traffic = 30,000
}}
The '''Golden Ears Bridge a.k.a the stinky bridge''' is a six-lane [[extradosed bridge]]<ref>[http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Buckland & Taylor case study] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm |date=June 4, 2011 }}</ref> in [[Metro Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It spans the [[Fraser River]], connecting [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]] on the south side with [[Pitt Meadows, British Columbia|Pitt Meadows]] and [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]] on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.<ref name="tl annual report">{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |title=TransLink 2010 Annual Report |author=TransLink |date=2011 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122045129/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |archive-date=2012-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==About the bridge==
The bridge, owned by [[TransLink (British Columbia)|TransLink]], has a clearance of {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and a total length of {{convert|2410|m|ft|abbr=on}} including approaches. The extradosed bridge incorporates three main spans, each {{convert|244|m|ft|abbr=on}} long and two shoreline spans, each {{convert|122|m|ft|abbr=on}} long for total length of {{convert|976|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="civil.bilfinger.com"/> which makes it the longest extradosed bridge in North America. Eight pylons are situated in the river, 4 of which are {{convert|90|m|ft|abbr=on}} high.
The bridge features bike-pedestrian protected lanes on each side. It boasts two golden metal eagle sculptures at the top of the bridge that were fashioned by a German company – after the initial sculptural design by a U.S. firm was abandoned for structural weakness.<ref name="InsideVan">{{cite web |url=http://www.insidevancouver.ca/2011/05/26/golden-ears-bridge-a-nod-to-nature-and-aboriginal-heritage/ |title=Golden Ears Bridge – A Nod to Nature and Aboriginal Heritage |author=Jean |date=May 26, 2011 |work=Inside Vancouver |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
The project was named through a community process and reflects the well-known lower [[Fraser Valley]] landmark, the [[Golden Ears (mountain)|Golden Ears]] peaks, which crown [[Mount Blanshard]] in [[Golden Ears Provincial Park]]. The successful submission to name the bridge was that of George Tabert, a local pastor.
===Construction===
[[File:Golden Ears Bridge completed.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Golden Ears Bridge in Langley.]] The bridge was constructed by a joint venture of [[CH2M Hill]] and [[Bilfinger Berger]] called Golden Crossing Constructors Joint Venture, at a final cost of $808 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/02/16/bc-golden-ears-toll.html |title=Taxpayers off hook for toll shortfall |date=February 16, 2011 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> The construction project, officially launched in June 2006, created 14 kilometres of new road.<ref>{{Structurae|id=20013072|title=Golden Ears Bridge}}</ref> [[Golden Ears Way]] has direct connections to [[British Columbia Highway 7|Lougheed Highway]], Maple Meadows Way, 113B Avenue, 200th Street, 176th Street ([[British Columbia Highway 15|Highway 15]]) and the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] ([[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]]). The completed bridge opened at 2:00AM on June 16, 2009.
The project was planned to permit archaeological teams to comb through a part of First Nations land that the bridge passed through. The team, led by a [[Simon Fraser University]] archaeology professor, discovered pottery shards, metal implements and 3,600-year-old [[Sagittaria|wapato]], or [[potatoes]], evidence that the aboriginal peoples in the area engaged in farming.<ref name="InsideVan"/> Some members of the [[Coast Salish peoples|Coast Salish]] [[Katzie]] Nation decried the way that the bridge affected what they described as a "3000 year old burial ground".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defendersoftheland.org/story/154 |title=Coast Salish Katzie Nation Blockade Golden Ears Bridge |author=Salmon Sovereignty |date=February 13, 2010 |work=Defenders of the Land Network |access-date=January 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424202624/http://www.defendersoftheland.org/story/154 |archive-date=April 24, 2012 }}</ref>
Bilfinger Berger applied to the federal government to bring in foreigners to work on the bridge, arguing that there was a shortage of qualified construction workers in Canada. The [[BC Federation of Labour]] disagreed, arguing that Bilfinger Berger was simply unprepared to pay market rates for skilled workers and wanted to exploit foreigners.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thetyee.ca/News/2006/09/01/Ironworkers/ |title=Canadian Ironworkers Shut out of Big Bridge Job, Say Unions, Contractors |author=Tom Sandborn |date=September 1, 2006 |work=The Tyee |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
===Financing===
[[File:GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Underneath view of the Golden Ears Bridge Langley – showing concrete girder components.]]The Golden Ears Bridge had a fixed total construction cost of $808 million ([[Canadian dollar|CAD]]), well over the initial budget of $600 million.<ref name="Georgia Straight">{{cite web |url=https://www.straight.com/article-232460/golden-ears-bridge-attracts-tens-thousands-what-cost |title=Golden Ears Bridge attracts tens of thousands, but at what cost? |author=Charlie Smith |date=June 14, 2009 |work=Georgia Straight |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106110117/http://www.straight.com/article-232460/golden-ears-bridge-attracts-tens-thousands-what-cost |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The project was financed as a [[Public Private Partnership]] (P3) through which TransLink is leasing back the bridge over a 35-year timeframe. The P3 was administered by the provincial government organization [[Partnerships BC]]. This aspect of the project was controversial and it led Vancouver city councillor [[David Cadman]] to vote against the project when it was presented to the TransLink board for approval.<ref name="Georgia Straight"/>
===Former ferry===
After the opening of the bridge TransLink ceased operation of the [[Albion Ferry]] on July 31, 2009,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/07/31/bc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html |title=Albion Ferry makes final voyage |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=July 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628224104/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/07/31/bc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html |archive-date=2011-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a passenger/vehicle [[ferry]] that had been operational since June 7, 1957. The Albion Ferry employed 59 full-time and 18 auxiliary employees for its run between Maple Ridge and Langley. In 2003, annual traffic on the free ferry amounted to 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tetracom.ca/transtalk/?p=2139 |title=Golden Ears Bridge traffic disappoints |date=February 17, 2011 |work=Trans-Talk |publisher=Tetracom Logistics |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> After the bridge opened, the ferries ceased to be used and the two ferries were sold in 2011 for $400,000 to a local marine transportation company.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2011/December/Albion-Ferries-Sold-to-BC-Buyer.aspx | title=Albion Ferries sold to BC buyer | date=December 30, 2011 | access-date=November 17, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126020124/http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2011/December/Albion-Ferries-Sold-to-BC-Buyer.aspx | archive-date=January 26, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Timeline ==
===2004===
* August 6 – Environmental certification was received<ref name="translink-2004-08">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news08060401.asp |title=Golden Ears Bridge receives EAO certification |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2004-08-06 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004161740/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news08060401.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* September 15 – TransLink and the [[Katzie First Nation]] signed a Benefit Agreement
* November – The ''Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Act'' was amended to allow for tolling
===2005===
* January – A Request for Proposals was issued for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation
* February 16 – A bylaw governing tolling was passed by TransLink<ref name="translink-2005-02">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/board_files/meet_agenda_min/2005/03_11_05/feb16minutes.pdf |title=TransLink Board Meeting Minutes |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2005-02-16 |pages=3 |access-date=2006-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050513142356/http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/board_files/meet_agenda_min/2005/03_11_05/feb16minutes.pdf |archive-date=May 13, 2005 }}</ref>
* June 22 – TransLink and the four municipalities ([[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]], [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]], [[Pitt Meadows]] and [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]) finalized the Golden Ears Bridge ''Master Municipal Agreement''<ref name="translink-2005-06">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06220501.asp |title=TransLink and four municipalities finalize Golden Ears Bridge agreement |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2005-06-22 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004152903/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06220501.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* December 7 – TransLink selected ''Golden Crossing Group'' as the proponent to design, build, finance, operate, and maintain the bridge.<ref name="translink-2005-12">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news12070502.asp |title=TransLink Selects Preferred Proponent for Golden Ears Bridge |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2005-12-07 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004150709/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news12070502.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===2006===
* June 29 – Construction began.<ref name="translink-2006-06">{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06290602.asp |title=Construction on Golden Ears Bridge is officially launched |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |date=2006-06-29 |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004134715/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06290602.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===2007===
* June 5 – Pile cap and pier construction underway on the bridge.
===2008===
* June 20 – 3,600-year-old native site found with evidence of native horticulture. Excavation to end and construction to resume by mid-July.<ref name="The-Leader-2008-06">{{cite web|url=http://www.bclocalnews.com/surrey_area/surreyleader/news/Ancient_Harvest.html|title=Ancient Harvest|publisher=The Surrey Leader|date=2008-06-20|access-date=2008-06-24}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
===2009===
* June 14 – Bridge opened to pedestrians only
* June 16 – Bridge opened to traffic
===2017===
* September 1 – Tolls are removed.<ref name=toll/>
==Usage==
During an initial toll-free introductory period in 2009, traffic averaged 37,000 crossings per day. Once tolls took effect, daily traffic dropped.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2009/July/Tolling-on-the-Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx |title=Tolling on the Golden Ears Bridge – things you might want to know (or not) |date=July 16, 2009 |publisher=Translink.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528091740/http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2009/July/Tolling-on-the-Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx |archive-date=May 28, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In January 2010, daily traffic amounted to 21,000 trips. In April 2011 daily traffic had increased to 23,000 trips.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=a0369888-8519-498e-a05c-0f420db27f70 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119095523/http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=a0369888-8519-498e-a05c-0f420db27f70 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |title=Golden Ears toll reduced 30 per cent |author=Doug Ward and Tiffany Crawford |date=April 5, 2011 |work=The Vancouver Sun |publisher=canada.com |access-date=January 2, 2012 }}</ref> This number rose with the bridge serving 30,000 trips each weekday by September 2011. The current 10 million trips annually far exceeds the previous ferry traffic on the route of 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://buzzer.translink.ca/index.php/2011/11/reflecting-on-the-golden-ears-bridge/ |title=Reflecting on the Golden Ears Bridge |date=November 4, 2011 |work=The Buzzer Blog |publisher=Translink.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
== Past tolls ==
The new bridge used an [[Electronic toll collection|electronic tolling]] system to track vehicles that cross to recover construction costs. Tolls had not been used in the [[Lower Mainland]] since the 1960s when they were removed from all bridges. This was also the first electronic toll bridge in Western Canada.
Drivers had the option of opening a tolling account. This includes an electronic tolling device, or transponder, to be mounted on the vehicle's windshield. It detects usage of the bridge, allowing toll charges to be automatically billed to the driver's account, streamlining the tolling process.
Vehicles without an electronic tolling device have their license plates identified through an automated video recognition system, and will be billed accordingly. Drivers of such vehicles also have the option to pay for their trip in advance by establishing a temporary account with a credit card, and pay a lower toll rate than if they did not establish such an account.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.translink.bc.ca/goldenearsbridge/project_information/funding.asp |title=Project Funding |publisher=Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink) |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144217/http://www.translink.bc.ca/goldenearsbridge/project_information/funding.asp |archive-date=2006-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The video recognition system costs more for Translink to run over the long term because it requires that humans identify plates that the system is misreading and because of the need to respond to misreads in which people are wrongly billed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/07/15/bc-golden-ears-bridge-scan.html |title=Golden Ears Bridge tolls rise despite scanner concerns |date=July 15, 2011 |work=CBC News |publisher=cbc.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
There have been numerous media stories of fraud and people being charged by the automated system for crossing the bridge when they never had done so, including one story in which a local resident was charged for crossing the bridge more than 90 times, when he had never driven across it at all.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/top-cop-nabs-suspect-in-golden-ears-bridge-toll-fraud-1.562991 |title=Top cop nabs suspect in Golden Ears Bridge toll fraud |author=Bethany Lindsay |date=October 14, 2010 |work=CTV News BC |publisher=CTV.ca |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
On July 15, 2016 tolls on the Golden Ears Bridge increased to cover the rise in the Consumer Price Index. The increases range between 5–15 cents, depending on the size of the vehicle and type of account.
On August 25, 2017, B.C. Premier John Horgan announced that all tolls on the Golden Ears bridge will be removed starting September 1, 2017.<ref name=toll>{{cite web|last1=Lindsay|first1=Bethany|title=Tolls to be eliminated on Port Mann and Golden Ears bridges|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/transportation-bc-1.4261972|website=CBC News|language=en|date=August 25, 2017}}</ref>
===Toll rates===
Rates effective up until August 31, 2017. Tolls were removed after September 1, 2017.
{| class="wikitable"
!Type of Vehicle || Toll-Device || Pre-Registered || Unregistered (Pay-as-you-go)
|-
| '''Car''' || $3.15 || $3.70 || $4.40
|-
| '''Truck or bus''' || $6.25 || $6.85 || $7.45
|-
| '' large truck'' || $9.30 || $9.95 || $10.55
|-
| '''Motorcycle''' || not available || $1.50 || $2.90
|}
Above rates are current as of January 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Translink|title=Golden Ears Bridge Toll Rates|url=http://www.translink.ca/en/Getting-Around/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge/Toll-Rates.aspx|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025004112/http://www.translink.ca/en/Getting-Around/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge/Toll-Rates.aspx|archive-date=25 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
TransLink has also experimented with reduced tolls during low-use times such as evenings, weekends, and statutory holidays. They commenced a six-week trial project in April 2011 which reduced tolls by 30% in such times.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.langleyadvance.com/Golden+Ears+Bridge+Variable+toll+rates+piloted+after+hours/4557501/story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908064958/http://www.langleyadvance.com/Golden+Ears+Bridge+Variable+toll+rates+piloted+after+hours/4557501/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 8, 2012 |title=Golden Ears Bridge: Variable toll rates piloted after hours |author=Matthew Claxton |date=April 4, 2011 |work=Langley Advance |publisher=Postmedia |access-date=January 2, 2012 }}</ref>
The Passenger Transportation Board, which regulates [[taxicab|taxi]] services in the [[Lower Mainland]] has created a regulation whereby taxis are to charge passengers a $6.90 surcharge for crossing the bridge, something that must be explained to the passenger in advance of starting the meter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/ptb/documents/Rates/ia-geb-toll-surcharge-jul-2011.pdf |title=Golden Ears Bridge & Taxi Toll Surcharge |date=July 15, 2011 |work=Passenger Transportation Board|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
Bicycles, pedestrians, emergency vehicles and TransLink buses are exempt from the toll.<ref name="tollBoost">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalnews.ca/golden+ears+bridge+tolls+go+up+today/308128/story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115154541/http://www.globalnews.ca/golden+ears+bridge+tolls+go+up+today/308128/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |title=Golden Ears Bridge tolls go up today |author=Peter Meiszner |date=July 15, 2011 |publisher=Global News |access-date=January 2, 2012 }}</ref>
===Toll revenues===
TransLink acknowledged that in the early years of the bridge's operation, revenues have been lower than had been forecasted. The agency has indicated that they expect revenues to increase once drivers can no longer use the nearby [[Port Mann Bridge]] for free, as it will be tolled starting in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mrtimes.com/business/Golden+Ears+bridge+tolls+meeting+targets/4308091/story.html |title=Golden Ears bridge tolls not meeting targets |author=Kelly Sinoski and Maria Rantanen |date=February 18, 2011 |work=Newspaper |publisher=Maple Ridge/Pitt Meadows Times |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617002754/http://www.mrtimes.com/business/Golden+Ears+bridge+tolls+meeting+targets/4308091/story.html |archive-date=June 17, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year || Annual Revenue || Annual Expenditures
|-
| 2010 || $29.6 million || $52.0 million
|-
| 2011 || $33.8 million || $71.7 million
|-
| 2012 || $38.9 million || $78.9 million
|-
| 2013 || $39.5 million || $80.0 million
|}
From 2013 Year-End Financial and Performance Report<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/quarterly_reports/2013/2013_year_end_financial_and_performance_report.ashx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206202637/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/quarterly_reports/2013/2013_year_end_financial_and_performance_report.ashx |archive-date=2015-02-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Toll revenues will rise to track inflation over the thirty-two-year payback period for the bridge which runs until 2040; the toll increase in 2011 was 3.5% on average.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://powellriverpersuader.blogspot.com/2010/03/golden-ears-bridge-boondoggle-revisited.html |title=Golden Ears Bridge Boondoggle Revisited |date=February 16, 2011 |work=The Straight Goods |publisher=Blogspot |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> The difference between the toll revenue and TransLink's costs which it is obligated to pay the bridge’s builder each year will come out of TransLink's general operating budget; in 2011 this shortfall was estimated at $33 million.<ref name="tollBoost"/>
Under its contract, TransLink has agreed to pay the private consortium which built, operates, and maintains the bridge a monthly fee of $500,000 per month in 2009 which rose to $4 million per month in 2011, and will top out at $4.8 million per month in 2015 – a monthly fee that will stay steady until the contract ends in 2041.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vancouversun.com/business/story.html?id=1211646 |title=B.C.'s P3 projects not immune to world financial meltdown |author=JONATHAN FOWLIE AND LORI CULBERT |date=January 23, 2009 |work=Vancouver Sun |publisher=Canada.com |access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of crossings of the Fraser River]]
* [[List of bridges in Canada]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Golden Ears Bridge}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100904085126/http://www.translink.ca/en/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx TransLink's Golden Ears Bridge page]
* [http://www.goldenearsbridge.ca/ Golden Ears Bridge construction web site]
* [https://archive.today/20130115132241/http://www.peri.ca/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1467/referencecategory_ID/2.cfm Golden Ears Bridge, PERI Formwork Solution]
* [http://goldenearsbridge.ca/code/navigate.php?Id=1 Design/Build management team's project page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160112050740/http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/ge/GEBMap.pdf Detailed alignment map] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]])
* {{Structurae|id=20013072|title=Golden Ears Bridge}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Golden Ears Bridge Project] at [http://www.b-t.com Buckland and Taylor]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061004161654/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news07290401.asp GVTA News Release on the naming of the Golden Ears Bridge].
{{Vancouver landmarks}}
{{Bridges of Metro Vancouver}}
{{Crossings navbox
|structure = Crossings
|place = [[Fraser River]]
|bridge = Golden Ears Bridge
|bridge signs =
|upstream = [[Mission Bridge]]
|upstream signs =
|downstream = [[Barnston Island Ferry]]
|downstream signs =
}}
[[Category:Bridges in Greater Vancouver]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Fraser River]]
[[Category:Extradosed bridges in Canada]]
[[Category:Transport in Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)]]
[[Category:Maple Ridge, British Columbia]]
[[Category:Pitt Meadows]]
[[Category:Road bridges in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Toll bridges in Canada]]
[[Category:TransLink (British Columbia)]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -20,5 +20,5 @@
}}
-The '''Golden Ears Bridge''' is a six-lane [[extradosed bridge]]<ref>[http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Buckland & Taylor case study] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm |date=June 4, 2011 }}</ref> in [[Metro Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It spans the [[Fraser River]], connecting [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]] on the south side with [[Pitt Meadows, British Columbia|Pitt Meadows]] and [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]] on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.<ref name="tl annual report">{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |title=TransLink 2010 Annual Report |author=TransLink |date=2011 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122045129/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |archive-date=2012-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+The '''Golden Ears Bridge a.k.a the stinky bridge''' is a six-lane [[extradosed bridge]]<ref>[http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Buckland & Taylor case study] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm |date=June 4, 2011 }}</ref> in [[Metro Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It spans the [[Fraser River]], connecting [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]] on the south side with [[Pitt Meadows, British Columbia|Pitt Meadows]] and [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]] on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.<ref name="tl annual report">{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |title=TransLink 2010 Annual Report |author=TransLink |date=2011 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122045129/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |archive-date=2012-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==About the bridge==
' |
New page size (new_size) | 26210 |
Old page size (old_size) | 26186 |
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0 => 'The '''Golden Ears Bridge a.k.a the stinky bridge''' is a six-lane [[extradosed bridge]]<ref>[http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Buckland & Taylor case study] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm |date=June 4, 2011 }}</ref> in [[Metro Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It spans the [[Fraser River]], connecting [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]] on the south side with [[Pitt Meadows, British Columbia|Pitt Meadows]] and [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]] on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.<ref name="tl annual report">{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |title=TransLink 2010 Annual Report |author=TransLink |date=2011 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122045129/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |archive-date=2012-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => 'The '''Golden Ears Bridge''' is a six-lane [[extradosed bridge]]<ref>[http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm Buckland & Taylor case study] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm |date=June 4, 2011 }}</ref> in [[Metro Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. It spans the [[Fraser River]], connecting [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]] on the south side with [[Pitt Meadows, British Columbia|Pitt Meadows]] and [[Maple Ridge, British Columbia|Maple Ridge]] on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.<ref name="tl annual report">{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |title=TransLink 2010 Annual Report |author=TransLink |date=2011 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122045129/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx |archive-date=2012-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>'
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
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42 => 'http://www.translink.ca/en/Getting-Around/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge/Toll-Rates.aspx',
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54 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100904085126/http://www.translink.ca/en/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx',
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9 => 'http://www.bclocalnews.com/surrey_area/surreyleader/news/Ancient_Harvest.html',
10 => 'http://www.goldenearsbridge.ca/',
11 => 'http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/07/31/bc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html',
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13 => 'http://www.insidevancouver.ca/2011/05/26/golden-ears-bridge-a-nod-to-nature-and-aboriginal-heritage/',
14 => 'http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/02/16/bc-golden-ears-toll.html',
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] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bridge in Langley, British Columbia, Canada</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn org">Golden Ears Bridge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:On_the_Golden_Ears_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/On_the_Golden_Ears_Bridge.jpg/250px-On_the_Golden_Ears_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/On_the_Golden_Ears_Bridge.jpg/375px-On_the_Golden_Ears_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/On_the_Golden_Ears_Bridge.jpg/500px-On_the_Golden_Ears_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2878" data-file-height="2290" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Golden Ears Bridge from Langley</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Golden_Ears_Bridge&params=49.1967_N_122.665829_W_scale:25000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°11′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°39′57″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.1967°N 122.665829°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.1967; -122.665829</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Carries</th><td class="infobox-data">6 lanes of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ears_Way" title="Golden Ears Way">Golden Ears Way</a>, pedestrians and bicycles</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crosses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fraser_River" title="Fraser River">Fraser River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Langley,_British_Columbia_(district_municipality)" title="Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)">Township of Langley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maple_Ridge,_British_Columbia" title="Maple Ridge, British Columbia">Maple Ridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maintained by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/TransLink_(British_Columbia)" title="TransLink (British Columbia)">TransLink</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Extradosed_bridge" title="Extradosed bridge">extradosed bridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total length</th><td class="infobox-data">976 m<sup id="cite_ref-civil.bilfinger.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil.bilfinger.com-1">[1]</a></sup> (2410 m including approaches)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest span</th><td class="infobox-data">244 m<sup id="cite_ref-civil.bilfinger.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil.bilfinger.com-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Buckland & Taylor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction start</th><td class="infobox-data">June 29, 2006</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction end</th><td class="infobox-data">June 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction cost</th><td class="infobox-data">$808 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">June 16, 2009 (Traffic)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Annual_average_daily_traffic" title="Annual average daily traffic">Daily traffic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="49.1967" data-lon="-122.665829" data-overlays="["_0069be06cdd11be2c85ca82c5257dbe3b60ccc81"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/49.1967/-122.665829/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,49.1967,-122.665829,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Golden+Ears+Bridge&groups=_0069be06cdd11be2c85ca82c5257dbe3b60ccc81" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,49.1967,-122.665829,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Golden+Ears+Bridge&groups=_0069be06cdd11be2c85ca82c5257dbe3b60ccc81 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Golden Ears Bridge a.k.a the stinky bridge</b> is a six-lane <a href="/wiki/Extradosed_bridge" title="Extradosed bridge">extradosed bridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Vancouver" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Vancouver">Metro Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. It spans the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_River" title="Fraser River">Fraser River</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Langley,_British_Columbia_(district_municipality)" title="Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)">Langley</a> on the south side with <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Meadows,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitt Meadows, British Columbia">Pitt Meadows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maple_Ridge,_British_Columbia" title="Maple Ridge, British Columbia">Maple Ridge</a> on the north side. The bridge opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge replaced a previous ferry service several kilometers upstream and will be run by a private consortium, the Golden Crossing General Partnership, until June 2041.<sup id="cite_ref-tl_annual_report_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tl_annual_report-3">[3]</a></sup>
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#About_the_bridge"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">About the bridge</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Construction"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Construction</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Financing"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Financing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Former_ferry"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Former ferry</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Timeline"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Timeline</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#2004"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">2004</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#2005"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">2005</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#2006"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">2006</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#2007"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">2007</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#2008"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">2008</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#2009"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">2009</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#2017"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">2017</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Past_tolls"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Past tolls</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Toll_rates"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Toll rates</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Toll_revenues"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Toll revenues</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="About_the_bridge">About the bridge</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The bridge, owned by <a href="/wiki/TransLink_(British_Columbia)" title="TransLink (British Columbia)">TransLink</a>, has a clearance of 40 m (130 ft), and a total length of 2,410 m (7,910 ft) including approaches. The extradosed bridge incorporates three main spans, each 244 m (801 ft) long and two shoreline spans, each 122 m (400 ft) long for total length of 976 m (3,202 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-civil.bilfinger.com_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil.bilfinger.com-1">[1]</a></sup> which makes it the longest extradosed bridge in North America. Eight pylons are situated in the river, 4 of which are 90 m (300 ft) high.
</p><p>The bridge features bike-pedestrian protected lanes on each side. It boasts two golden metal eagle sculptures at the top of the bridge that were fashioned by a German company – after the initial sculptural design by a U.S. firm was abandoned for structural weakness.<sup id="cite_ref-InsideVan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InsideVan-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>The project was named through a community process and reflects the well-known lower <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Valley" title="Fraser Valley">Fraser Valley</a> landmark, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ears_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Ears (mountain)">Golden Ears</a> peaks, which crown <a href="/wiki/Mount_Blanshard" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Blanshard">Mount Blanshard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ears_Provincial_Park" title="Golden Ears Provincial Park">Golden Ears Provincial Park</a>. The successful submission to name the bridge was that of George Tabert, a local pastor.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Construction">Construction</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Ears_Bridge_completed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Golden_Ears_Bridge_completed.jpg/250px-Golden_Ears_Bridge_completed.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Golden_Ears_Bridge_completed.jpg/375px-Golden_Ears_Bridge_completed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Golden_Ears_Bridge_completed.jpg/500px-Golden_Ears_Bridge_completed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>The Golden Ears Bridge in Langley.</figcaption></figure><p> The bridge was constructed by a joint venture of <a href="/wiki/CH2M_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="CH2M Hill">CH2M Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilfinger_Berger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilfinger Berger">Bilfinger Berger</a> called Golden Crossing Constructors Joint Venture, at a final cost of $808 million.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> The construction project, officially launched in June 2006, created 14 kilometres of new road.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ears_Way" title="Golden Ears Way">Golden Ears Way</a> has direct connections to <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_7" title="British Columbia Highway 7">Lougheed Highway</a>, Maple Meadows Way, 113B Avenue, 200th Street, 176th Street (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_15" title="British Columbia Highway 15">Highway 15</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_1" title="British Columbia Highway 1">Highway 1</a>). The completed bridge opened at 2:00AM on June 16, 2009.
</p><p>The project was planned to permit archaeological teams to comb through a part of First Nations land that the bridge passed through. The team, led by a <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University" title="Simon Fraser University">Simon Fraser University</a> archaeology professor, discovered pottery shards, metal implements and 3,600-year-old <a href="/wiki/Sagittaria" title="Sagittaria">wapato</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Potatoes">potatoes</a>, evidence that the aboriginal peoples in the area engaged in farming.<sup id="cite_ref-InsideVan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InsideVan-4">[4]</a></sup> Some members of the <a href="/wiki/Coast_Salish_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Salish peoples">Coast Salish</a> <a href="/wiki/Katzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Katzie">Katzie</a> Nation decried the way that the bridge affected what they described as a "3000 year old burial ground".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>Bilfinger Berger applied to the federal government to bring in foreigners to work on the bridge, arguing that there was a shortage of qualified construction workers in Canada. The <a href="/wiki/BC_Federation_of_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="BC Federation of Labour">BC Federation of Labour</a> disagreed, arguing that Bilfinger Berger was simply unprepared to pay market rates for skilled workers and wanted to exploit foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Financing">Financing</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG/250px-GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG/375px-GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG/500px-GoldenEarsBridgeBottom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Underneath view of the Golden Ears Bridge Langley – showing concrete girder components.</figcaption></figure><p>The Golden Ears Bridge had a fixed total construction cost of $808 million (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CAD</a>), well over the initial budget of $600 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Georgia_Straight_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georgia_Straight-9">[9]</a></sup> The project was financed as a <a href="/wiki/Public_Private_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Private Partnership">Public Private Partnership</a> (P3) through which TransLink is leasing back the bridge over a 35-year timeframe. The P3 was administered by the provincial government organization <a href="/wiki/Partnerships_BC" title="Partnerships BC">Partnerships BC</a>. This aspect of the project was controversial and it led Vancouver city councillor <a href="/wiki/David_Cadman" title="David Cadman">David Cadman</a> to vote against the project when it was presented to the TransLink board for approval.<sup id="cite_ref-Georgia_Straight_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georgia_Straight-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Former_ferry">Former ferry</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>After the opening of the bridge TransLink ceased operation of the <a href="/wiki/Albion_Ferry" title="Albion Ferry">Albion Ferry</a> on July 31, 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> a passenger/vehicle <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> that had been operational since June 7, 1957. The Albion Ferry employed 59 full-time and 18 auxiliary employees for its run between Maple Ridge and Langley. In 2003, annual traffic on the free ferry amounted to 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> After the bridge opened, the ferries ceased to be used and the two ferries were sold in 2011 for $400,000 to a local marine transportation company.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Timeline">Timeline</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2004">2004</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>August 6 – Environmental certification was received<sup id="cite_ref-translink-2004-08_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-translink-2004-08-13">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li>September 15 – TransLink and the <a href="/wiki/Katzie_First_Nation" title="Katzie First Nation">Katzie First Nation</a> signed a Benefit Agreement</li>
<li>November – The <i>Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Act</i> was amended to allow for tolling</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2005">2005</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>January – A Request for Proposals was issued for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation</li>
<li>February 16 – A bylaw governing tolling was passed by TransLink<sup id="cite_ref-translink-2005-02_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-translink-2005-02-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li>June 22 – TransLink and the four municipalities (<a href="/wiki/Langley,_British_Columbia_(district_municipality)" title="Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)">Langley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple_Ridge,_British_Columbia" title="Maple Ridge, British Columbia">Maple Ridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Meadows" title="Pitt Meadows">Pitt Meadows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrey,_British_Columbia" title="Surrey, British Columbia">Surrey</a>) finalized the Golden Ears Bridge <i>Master Municipal Agreement</i><sup id="cite_ref-translink-2005-06_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-translink-2005-06-15">[15]</a></sup></li>
<li>December 7 – TransLink selected <i>Golden Crossing Group</i> as the proponent to design, build, finance, operate, and maintain the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-translink-2005-12_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-translink-2005-12-16">[16]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2006">2006</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>June 29 – Construction began.<sup id="cite_ref-translink-2006-06_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-translink-2006-06-17">[17]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2007">2007</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>June 5 – Pile cap and pier construction underway on the bridge.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2008">2008</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>June 20 – 3,600-year-old native site found with evidence of native horticulture. Excavation to end and construction to resume by mid-July.<sup id="cite_ref-The-Leader-2008-06_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The-Leader-2008-06-18">[18]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2009">2009</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>June 14 – Bridge opened to pedestrians only</li>
<li>June 16 – Bridge opened to traffic</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2017">2017</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li>September 1 – Tolls are removed.<sup id="cite_ref-toll_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toll-19">[19]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage">Usage</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>During an initial toll-free introductory period in 2009, traffic averaged 37,000 crossings per day. Once tolls took effect, daily traffic dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> In January 2010, daily traffic amounted to 21,000 trips. In April 2011 daily traffic had increased to 23,000 trips.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> This number rose with the bridge serving 30,000 trips each weekday by September 2011. The current 10 million trips annually far exceeds the previous ferry traffic on the route of 1.5 million vehicles and 4 million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Past_tolls">Past tolls</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The new bridge used an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_toll_collection" title="Electronic toll collection">electronic tolling</a> system to track vehicles that cross to recover construction costs. Tolls had not been used in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Mainland" title="Lower Mainland">Lower Mainland</a> since the 1960s when they were removed from all bridges. This was also the first electronic toll bridge in Western Canada.
</p><p>Drivers had the option of opening a tolling account. This includes an electronic tolling device, or transponder, to be mounted on the vehicle's windshield. It detects usage of the bridge, allowing toll charges to be automatically billed to the driver's account, streamlining the tolling process.
</p><p>Vehicles without an electronic tolling device have their license plates identified through an automated video recognition system, and will be billed accordingly. Drivers of such vehicles also have the option to pay for their trip in advance by establishing a temporary account with a credit card, and pay a lower toll rate than if they did not establish such an account.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> The video recognition system costs more for Translink to run over the long term because it requires that humans identify plates that the system is misreading and because of the need to respond to misreads in which people are wrongly billed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>There have been numerous media stories of fraud and people being charged by the automated system for crossing the bridge when they never had done so, including one story in which a local resident was charged for crossing the bridge more than 90 times, when he had never driven across it at all.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
On July 15, 2016 tolls on the Golden Ears Bridge increased to cover the rise in the Consumer Price Index. The increases range between 5–15 cents, depending on the size of the vehicle and type of account.
</p><p>On August 25, 2017, B.C. Premier John Horgan announced that all tolls on the Golden Ears bridge will be removed starting September 1, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-toll_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toll-19">[19]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Toll_rates">Toll rates</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Rates effective up until August 31, 2017. Tolls were removed after September 1, 2017.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type of Vehicle</th>
<th>Toll-Device</th>
<th>Pre-Registered</th>
<th>Unregistered (Pay-as-you-go)
</th></tr>
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<td><b>Car</b></td>
<td>$3.15</td>
<td>$3.70</td>
<td>$4.40
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<td><b>Truck or bus</b></td>
<td>$6.25</td>
<td>$6.85</td>
<td>$7.45
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<td><i> large truck</i></td>
<td>$9.30</td>
<td>$9.95</td>
<td>$10.55
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<tr>
<td><b>Motorcycle</b></td>
<td>not available</td>
<td>$1.50</td>
<td>$2.90
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Above rates are current as of January 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
TransLink has also experimented with reduced tolls during low-use times such as evenings, weekends, and statutory holidays. They commenced a six-week trial project in April 2011 which reduced tolls by 30% in such times.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Passenger Transportation Board, which regulates <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxi</a> services in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Mainland" title="Lower Mainland">Lower Mainland</a> has created a regulation whereby taxis are to charge passengers a $6.90 surcharge for crossing the bridge, something that must be explained to the passenger in advance of starting the meter.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>Bicycles, pedestrians, emergency vehicles and TransLink buses are exempt from the toll.<sup id="cite_ref-tollBoost_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tollBoost-29">[29]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Toll_revenues">Toll revenues</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>TransLink acknowledged that in the early years of the bridge's operation, revenues have been lower than had been forecasted. The agency has indicated that they expect revenues to increase once drivers can no longer use the nearby <a href="/wiki/Port_Mann_Bridge" title="Port Mann Bridge">Port Mann Bridge</a> for free, as it will be tolled starting in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
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<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Year</th>
<th>Annual Revenue</th>
<th>Annual Expenditures
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>2010</td>
<td>$29.6 million</td>
<td>$52.0 million
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2011</td>
<td>$33.8 million</td>
<td>$71.7 million
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2012</td>
<td>$38.9 million</td>
<td>$78.9 million
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2013</td>
<td>$39.5 million</td>
<td>$80.0 million
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>From 2013 Year-End Financial and Performance Report<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p>Toll revenues will rise to track inflation over the thirty-two-year payback period for the bridge which runs until 2040; the toll increase in 2011 was 3.5% on average.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> The difference between the toll revenue and TransLink's costs which it is obligated to pay the bridge’s builder each year will come out of TransLink's general operating budget; in 2011 this shortfall was estimated at $33 million.<sup id="cite_ref-tollBoost_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tollBoost-29">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p>Under its contract, TransLink has agreed to pay the private consortium which built, operates, and maintains the bridge a monthly fee of $500,000 per month in 2009 which rose to $4 million per month in 2011, and will top out at $4.8 million per month in 2015 – a monthly fee that will stay steady until the contract ends in 2041.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Fraser_River" title="List of crossings of the Fraser River">List of crossings of the Fraser River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Canada" title="List of bridges in Canada">List of bridges in Canada</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-civil.bilfinger.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-civil.bilfinger.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-civil.bilfinger.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-civil.bilfinger.com_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824144607/http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN">"Implenia Schweiz – das führende Baudienstleistungsunternehmen"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil.bilfinger.com/C125755F0037AA91/vwContentByKey/W28GTECG553WEBTEN">the original</a> on 2012-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Implenia+Schweiz+%E2%80%93+das+f%C3%BChrende+Baudienstleistungsunternehmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civil.bilfinger.com%2FC125755F0037AA91%2FvwContentByKey%2FW28GTECG553WEBTEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm">Buckland & Taylor case study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm">Archived</a> June 4, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tl_annual_report-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tl_annual_report_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTransLink2011" class="citation web cs1">TransLink (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122045129/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/Documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx">"TransLink 2010 Annual Report"</a>. p. 24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/2010.ashx">the original</a> on 2012-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TransLink+2010+Annual+Report&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2011&rft.au=TransLink&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.ca%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2Fabout_translink%2Fcorporate_overview%2Fannual_reports%2F2010.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-InsideVan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InsideVan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InsideVan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFJean2011" class="citation web cs1">Jean (May 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidevancouver.ca/2011/05/26/golden-ears-bridge-a-nod-to-nature-and-aboriginal-heritage/">"Golden Ears Bridge – A Nod to Nature and Aboriginal Heritage"</a>. <i>Inside Vancouver</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Vancouver&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+%E2%80%93+A+Nod+to+Nature+and+Aboriginal+Heritage&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.au=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidevancouver.ca%2F2011%2F05%2F26%2Fgolden-ears-bridge-a-nod-to-nature-and-aboriginal-heritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/02/16/bc-golden-ears-toll.html">"Taxpayers off hook for toll shortfall"</a>. CBC News. February 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taxpayers+off+hook+for+toll+shortfall&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2011-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Fstory%2F2011%2F02%2F16%2Fbc-golden-ears-toll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20013072">Golden Ears Bridge</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Structurae" title="Structurae">Structurae</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSalmon_Sovereignty2010" class="citation web cs1">Salmon Sovereignty (February 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424202624/http://www.defendersoftheland.org/story/154">"Coast Salish Katzie Nation Blockade Golden Ears Bridge"</a>. <i>Defenders of the Land Network</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defendersoftheland.org/story/154">the original</a> on April 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defenders+of+the+Land+Network&rft.atitle=Coast+Salish+Katzie+Nation+Blockade+Golden+Ears+Bridge&rft.date=2010-02-13&rft.au=Salmon+Sovereignty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defendersoftheland.org%2Fstory%2F154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Sandborn2006" class="citation web cs1">Tom Sandborn (September 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetyee.ca/News/2006/09/01/Ironworkers/">"Canadian Ironworkers Shut out of Big Bridge Job, Say Unions, Contractors"</a>. <i>The Tyee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tyee&rft.atitle=Canadian+Ironworkers+Shut+out+of+Big+Bridge+Job%2C+Say+Unions%2C+Contractors&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.au=Tom+Sandborn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetyee.ca%2FNews%2F2006%2F09%2F01%2FIronworkers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Georgia_Straight-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Georgia_Straight_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Georgia_Straight_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCharlie_Smith2009" class="citation web cs1">Charlie Smith (June 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106110117/http://www.straight.com/article-232460/golden-ears-bridge-attracts-tens-thousands-what-cost">"Golden Ears Bridge attracts tens of thousands, but at what cost?"</a>. <i>Georgia Straight</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/article-232460/golden-ears-bridge-attracts-tens-thousands-what-cost">the original</a> on 2012-01-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Georgia+Straight&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+attracts+tens+of+thousands%2C+but+at+what+cost%3F&rft.date=2009-06-14&rft.au=Charlie+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straight.com%2Farticle-232460%2Fgolden-ears-bridge-attracts-tens-thousands-what-cost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628224104/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/07/31/bc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html">"Albion Ferry makes final voyage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. July 31, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2009/07/31/bc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html">the original</a> on 2011-06-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Albion+Ferry+makes+final+voyage&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Fstory%2F2009%2F07%2F31%2Fbc-albion-ferry-final-sail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tetracom.ca/transtalk/?p=2139">"Golden Ears Bridge traffic disappoints"</a>. <i>Trans-Talk</i>. Tetracom Logistics. February 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trans-Talk&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+traffic+disappoints&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetracom.ca%2Ftranstalk%2F%3Fp%3D2139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126020124/http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2011/December/Albion-Ferries-Sold-to-BC-Buyer.aspx">"Albion Ferries sold to BC buyer"</a>. December 30, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2011/December/Albion-Ferries-Sold-to-BC-Buyer.aspx">the original</a> on January 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albion+Ferries+sold+to+BC+buyer&rft.date=2011-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.ca%2Fen%2FAbout-Us%2FMedia%2F2011%2FDecember%2FAlbion-Ferries-Sold-to-BC-Buyer.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-translink-2004-08-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-translink-2004-08_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004161740/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news08060401.asp">"Golden Ears Bridge receives EAO certification"</a>. Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink). 2004-08-06. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news08060401.asp">the original</a> on 2006-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+receives+EAO+certification&rft.pub=Greater+Vancouver+Transit+Authority+%28TransLink%29&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.bc.ca%2FAbout_TransLink%2FNews_Releases%2Fnews08060401.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-translink-2005-02-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-translink-2005-02_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050513142356/http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/board_files/meet_agenda_min/2005/03_11_05/feb16minutes.pdf">"TransLink Board Meeting Minutes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink). 2005-02-16. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/board_files/meet_agenda_min/2005/03_11_05/feb16minutes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 13, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TransLink+Board+Meeting+Minutes&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Greater+Vancouver+Transit+Authority+%28TransLink%29&rft.date=2005-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.bc.ca%2Ffiles%2Fboard_files%2Fmeet_agenda_min%2F2005%2F03_11_05%2Ffeb16minutes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-translink-2005-06-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-translink-2005-06_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004152903/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06220501.asp">"TransLink and four municipalities finalize Golden Ears Bridge agreement"</a>. Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink). 2005-06-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06220501.asp">the original</a> on 2006-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TransLink+and+four+municipalities+finalize+Golden+Ears+Bridge+agreement&rft.pub=Greater+Vancouver+Transit+Authority+%28TransLink%29&rft.date=2005-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.bc.ca%2FAbout_TransLink%2FNews_Releases%2Fnews06220501.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-translink-2005-12-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-translink-2005-12_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004150709/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news12070502.asp">"TransLink Selects Preferred Proponent for Golden Ears Bridge"</a>. Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink). 2005-12-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news12070502.asp">the original</a> on 2006-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TransLink+Selects+Preferred+Proponent+for+Golden+Ears+Bridge&rft.pub=Greater+Vancouver+Transit+Authority+%28TransLink%29&rft.date=2005-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.bc.ca%2FAbout_TransLink%2FNews_Releases%2Fnews12070502.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-translink-2006-06-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-translink-2006-06_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004134715/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06290602.asp">"Construction on Golden Ears Bridge is officially launched"</a>. Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink). 2006-06-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news06290602.asp">the original</a> on 2006-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Construction+on+Golden+Ears+Bridge+is+officially+launched&rft.pub=Greater+Vancouver+Transit+Authority+%28TransLink%29&rft.date=2006-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.bc.ca%2FAbout_TransLink%2FNews_Releases%2Fnews06290602.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-The-Leader-2008-06-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The-Leader-2008-06_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bclocalnews.com/surrey_area/surreyleader/news/Ancient_Harvest.html">"Ancient Harvest"</a>. The Surrey Leader. 2008-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Harvest&rft.pub=The+Surrey+Leader&rft.date=2008-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bclocalnews.com%2Fsurrey_area%2Fsurreyleader%2Fnews%2FAncient_Harvest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2010">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-toll-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toll_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toll_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay2017" class="citation web cs1">Lindsay, Bethany (August 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/transportation-bc-1.4261972">"Tolls to be eliminated on Port Mann and Golden Ears bridges"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Tolls+to+be+eliminated+on+Port+Mann+and+Golden+Ears+bridges&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=Bethany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Ftransportation-bc-1.4261972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120528091740/http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2009/July/Tolling-on-the-Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx">"Tolling on the Golden Ears Bridge – things you might want to know (or not)"</a>. Translink.ca. July 16, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.ca/en/About-Us/Media/2009/July/Tolling-on-the-Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx">the original</a> on May 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tolling+on+the+Golden+Ears+Bridge+%E2%80%93+things+you+might+want+to+know+%28or+not%29&rft.pub=Translink.ca&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.ca%2Fen%2FAbout-Us%2FMedia%2F2009%2FJuly%2FTolling-on-the-Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDoug_Ward_and_Tiffany_Crawford2011" class="citation web cs1">Doug Ward and Tiffany Crawford (April 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130119095523/http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=a0369888-8519-498e-a05c-0f420db27f70">"Golden Ears toll reduced 30 per cent"</a>. <i>The Vancouver Sun</i>. canada.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=a0369888-8519-498e-a05c-0f420db27f70">the original</a> on January 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+toll+reduced+30+per+cent&rft.date=2011-04-05&rft.au=Doug+Ward+and+Tiffany+Crawford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.canada.com%2Fvancouversun%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3Da0369888-8519-498e-a05c-0f420db27f70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buzzer.translink.ca/index.php/2011/11/reflecting-on-the-golden-ears-bridge/">"Reflecting on the Golden Ears Bridge"</a>. <i>The Buzzer Blog</i>. Translink.ca. November 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Buzzer+Blog&rft.atitle=Reflecting+on+the+Golden+Ears+Bridge&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuzzer.translink.ca%2Findex.php%2F2011%2F11%2Freflecting-on-the-golden-ears-bridge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144217/http://www.translink.bc.ca/goldenearsbridge/project_information/funding.asp">"Project Funding"</a>. Greater Vancouver Transit Authority (TransLink). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.bc.ca/goldenearsbridge/project_information/funding.asp">the original</a> on 2006-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Funding&rft.pub=Greater+Vancouver+Transit+Authority+%28TransLink%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.bc.ca%2Fgoldenearsbridge%2Fproject_information%2Ffunding.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/07/15/bc-golden-ears-bridge-scan.html">"Golden Ears Bridge tolls rise despite scanner concerns"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. cbc.ca. July 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+tolls+rise+despite+scanner+concerns&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Fstory%2F2011%2F07%2F15%2Fbc-golden-ears-bridge-scan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBethany_Lindsay2010" class="citation web cs1">Bethany Lindsay (October 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bc.ctvnews.ca/top-cop-nabs-suspect-in-golden-ears-bridge-toll-fraud-1.562991">"Top cop nabs suspect in Golden Ears Bridge toll fraud"</a>. <i>CTV News BC</i>. CTV.ca<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News+BC&rft.atitle=Top+cop+nabs+suspect+in+Golden+Ears+Bridge+toll+fraud&rft.date=2010-10-14&rft.au=Bethany+Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbc.ctvnews.ca%2Ftop-cop-nabs-suspect-in-golden-ears-bridge-toll-fraud-1.562991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTranslink" class="citation web cs1">Translink. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025004112/http://www.translink.ca/en/Getting-Around/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge/Toll-Rates.aspx">"Golden Ears Bridge Toll Rates"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.ca/en/Getting-Around/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge/Toll-Rates.aspx">the original</a> on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+Toll+Rates&rft.au=Translink&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.ca%2Fen%2FGetting-Around%2FDriving%2FGolden-Ears-Bridge%2FToll-Rates.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Claxton2011" class="citation web cs1">Matthew Claxton (April 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120908064958/http://www.langleyadvance.com/Golden+Ears+Bridge+Variable+toll+rates+piloted+after+hours/4557501/story.html">"Golden Ears Bridge: Variable toll rates piloted after hours"</a>. <i>Langley Advance</i>. Postmedia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langleyadvance.com/Golden+Ears+Bridge+Variable+toll+rates+piloted+after+hours/4557501/story.html">the original</a> on September 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Langley+Advance&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge%3A+Variable+toll+rates+piloted+after+hours&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft.au=Matthew+Claxton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleyadvance.com%2FGolden%2BEars%2BBridge%2BVariable%2Btoll%2Brates%2Bpiloted%2Bafter%2Bhours%2F4557501%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/ptb/documents/Rates/ia-geb-toll-surcharge-jul-2011.pdf">"Golden Ears Bridge & Taxi Toll Surcharge"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Passenger Transportation Board</i>. July 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Passenger+Transportation+Board&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+%26+Taxi+Toll+Surcharge&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.th.gov.bc.ca%2Fptb%2Fdocuments%2FRates%2Fia-geb-toll-surcharge-jul-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-tollBoost-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tollBoost_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tollBoost_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Meiszner2011" class="citation web cs1">Peter Meiszner (July 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130115154541/http://www.globalnews.ca/golden+ears+bridge+tolls+go+up+today/308128/story.html">"Golden Ears Bridge tolls go up today"</a>. Global News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalnews.ca/golden+ears+bridge+tolls+go+up+today/308128/story.html">the original</a> on January 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+tolls+go+up+today&rft.pub=Global+News&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft.au=Peter+Meiszner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalnews.ca%2Fgolden%2Bears%2Bbridge%2Btolls%2Bgo%2Bup%2Btoday%2F308128%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKelly_Sinoski_and_Maria_Rantanen2011" class="citation web cs1">Kelly Sinoski and Maria Rantanen (February 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617002754/http://www.mrtimes.com/business/Golden+Ears+bridge+tolls+meeting+targets/4308091/story.html">"Golden Ears bridge tolls not meeting targets"</a>. <i>Newspaper</i>. Maple Ridge/Pitt Meadows Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrtimes.com/business/Golden+Ears+bridge+tolls+meeting+targets/4308091/story.html">the original</a> on June 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newspaper&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+bridge+tolls+not+meeting+targets&rft.date=2011-02-18&rft.au=Kelly+Sinoski+and+Maria+Rantanen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrtimes.com%2Fbusiness%2FGolden%2BEars%2Bbridge%2Btolls%2Bmeeting%2Btargets%2F4308091%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206202637/http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/quarterly_reports/2013/2013_year_end_financial_and_performance_report.ashx">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.translink.ca/~/media/documents/about_translink/corporate_overview/annual_reports/quarterly_reports/2013/2013_year_end_financial_and_performance_report.ashx">the original</a> on 2015-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.translink.ca%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2Fabout_translink%2Fcorporate_overview%2Fannual_reports%2Fquarterly_reports%2F2013%2F2013_year_end_financial_and_performance_report.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://powellriverpersuader.blogspot.com/2010/03/golden-ears-bridge-boondoggle-revisited.html">"Golden Ears Bridge Boondoggle Revisited"</a>. <i>The Straight Goods</i>. Blogspot. February 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straight+Goods&rft.atitle=Golden+Ears+Bridge+Boondoggle+Revisited&rft.date=2011-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpowellriverpersuader.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fgolden-ears-bridge-boondoggle-revisited.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFJONATHAN_FOWLIE_AND_LORI_CULBERT2009" class="citation web cs1">JONATHAN FOWLIE AND LORI CULBERT (January 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vancouversun.com/business/story.html?id=1211646">"B.C.'s P3 projects not immune to world financial meltdown"</a>. <i>Vancouver Sun</i>. Canada.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=B.C.%27s+P3+projects+not+immune+to+world+financial+meltdown&rft.date=2009-01-23&rft.au=JONATHAN+FOWLIE+AND+LORI+CULBERT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouversun.com%2Fbusiness%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D1211646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolden+Ears+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Golden_Ears_Bridge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Golden Ears Bridge">Golden Ears Bridge</a></span>.</div></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100904085126/http://www.translink.ca/en/Driving/Golden-Ears-Bridge.aspx">TransLink's Golden Ears Bridge page</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenearsbridge.ca/">Golden Ears Bridge construction web site</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130115132241/http://www.peri.ca/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1467/referencecategory_ID/2.cfm">Golden Ears Bridge, PERI Formwork Solution</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldenearsbridge.ca/code/navigate.php?Id=1">Design/Build management team's project page</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112050740/http://www.translink.bc.ca/files/ge/GEBMap.pdf">Detailed alignment map</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20013072">Golden Ears Bridge</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Structurae" title="Structurae">Structurae</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604094241/http://www.b-t.com/projects/goldenears.htm">Golden Ears Bridge Project</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b-t.com">Buckland and Taylor</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004161654/http://www.translink.bc.ca/About_TransLink/News_Releases/news07290401.asp">GVTA News Release on the naming of the Golden Ears Bridge</a>.</li></ul>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_in_Greater_Vancouver" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vancouver_landmarks" title="Template:Vancouver landmarks"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vancouver_landmarks" title="Template talk:Vancouver landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vancouver_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vancouver landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_in_Greater_Vancouver" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Landmarks in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Vancouver" title="Greater Vancouver">Greater Vancouver</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/BC_Place" title="BC Place">BC Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beatty_Street_Drill_Hall" title="Beatty Street Drill Hall">Beatty Street Drill Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bentall_Centre_(Vancouver)" title="Bentall Centre (Vancouver)">Bentall Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bentall_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentall 5">Bentall 5</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BowMac_sign" title="BowMac sign">BowMac sign</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Place" title="Canada Place">Canada Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CBC_Regional_Broadcast_Centre_Vancouver" title="CBC Regional Broadcast Centre Vancouver">CBC Regional Broadcast Centre Vancouver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Heat_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Heat Distribution">Central Heat Distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Building" title="Dominion Building">Dominion Building</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/750_Burrard_Street" title="750 Burrard Street">Former Vancouver Public Library</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Langley_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Langley National Historic Site">Fort Langley National Historic Site</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Georgia_Cannery" title="Gulf of Georgia Cannery">Gulf of Georgia Cannery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/H._R._MacMillan_Space_Centre" title="H. R. MacMillan Space Centre">H. R. MacMillan Space Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_Centre" title="Harbour Centre">Harbour Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Europe_(Vancouver)" title="Hotel Europe (Vancouver)">Hotel Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Georgia_(Vancouver)" title="Hotel Georgia (Vancouver)">Hotel Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Vancouver" title="Hotel Vancouver">Hotel Vancouver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Buddhist_Temple" title="International Buddhist Temple">International Buddhist Temple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Living_Shangri-La" title="Living Shangri-La">Living Shangri-La</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Building" title="Marine Building">Marine Building</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/One_Wall_Centre" title="One Wall Centre">One Wall Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orpheum_(Vancouver)" title="Orpheum (Vancouver)">Orpheum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Central_Station" title="Pacific Central Station">Pacific Central Station</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coliseum" title="Pacific Coliseum">Pacific Coliseum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Park_Royal_Shopping_Centre" title="Park Royal Shopping Centre">Park Royal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Parq_Vancouver" title="Parq Vancouver">Parq Vancouver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Arena" title="Rogers Arena">Rogers Arena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Centre_(Vancouver)" title="Royal Centre (Vancouver)">Royal Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Vancouver_Yacht_Club" title="Royal Vancouver Yacht Club">Royal Vancouver Yacht Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Science_World_(Vancouver)" title="Science World (Vancouver)">Science World</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seaforth_Armoury" title="Seaforth Armoury">Seaforth Armoury</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Tower_(Vancouver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaw Tower (Vancouver)">Shaw Tower</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Centre" title="Sinclair Centre">Sinclair Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Industrial_Alliance_Stage" title="Stanley Industrial Alliance Stage">Stanley Theatre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tower" title="Sun Tower">Sun Tower</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Hotel" title="Sylvia Hotel">Sylvia Hotel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Art_Gallery" title="Vancouver Art Gallery">Vancouver Art Gallery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_City_Hall" title="Vancouver City Hall">Vancouver City Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Public_Library" title="Vancouver Public Library">Vancouver Public Library</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waterfront_Station_(Vancouver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfront Station (Vancouver)">Waterfront Station</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_Roller_Coaster_(Playland)" title="Wooden Roller Coaster (Playland)">Wooden Roller Coaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Vancouver" title="List of tallest buildings in Vancouver">List of tallest buildings in Vancouver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Regency_Vancouver" title="Hyatt Regency Vancouver">Hyatt Regency Vancouver</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vancouver_Landsat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metro Vancouver"><img alt="Metro Vancouver" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vancouver_Landsat.jpg/60px-Vancouver_Landsat.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vancouver_Landsat.jpg/90px-Vancouver_Landsat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vancouver_Landsat.jpg/120px-Vancouver_Landsat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Metro Vancouver</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Fraser_Bridge" title="Alex Fraser Bridge">Alex Fraser Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laing_Bridge" title="Arthur Laing Bridge">Arthur Laing Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Burrard_Bridge" title="Burrard Bridge">Burrard Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cambie_Bridge" title="Cambie Bridge">Cambie Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Capilano_Suspension_Bridge" title="Capilano Suspension Bridge">Capilano Suspension Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Viaduct" title="Georgia Viaduct">Georgia Viaduct</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Golden Ears Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Street_Bridge" title="Granville Street Bridge">Granville Street Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ironworkers_Memorial_Second_Narrows_Crossing" title="Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing">Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Street_Bridge" title="Knight Street Bridge">Knight Street Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lions_Gate_Bridge" title="Lions Gate Bridge">Lions Gate Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Street_Bridge" title="Oak Street Bridge">Oak Street Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pattullo_Bridge" title="Pattullo Bridge">Pattullo Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_River_Bridge" title="Pitt River Bridge">Pitt River Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_Mann_Bridge" title="Port Mann Bridge">Port Mann Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Queensborough_Bridge" title="Queensborough Bridge">Queensborough Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skybridge_(TransLink)" title="Skybridge (TransLink)">Skybridge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Vancouver" title="Chinatown, Vancouver">Chinatown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Drive,_Vancouver" title="Commercial Drive, Vancouver">Commercial Drive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gastown" title="Gastown">Gastown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Village_(Richmond,_British_Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Village (Richmond, British Columbia)">Golden Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Island" title="Granville Island">Granville Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kitsilano_Beach" title="Kitsilano Beach">Kitsilano Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Metrotown,_Burnaby" title="Metrotown, Burnaby">Metrotown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Market,_Vancouver" title="Punjabi Market, Vancouver">Punjabi Market</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robson_Square" title="Robson Square">Robson Square</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Park" title="Stanley Park">Stanley Park</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Aquarium" title="Vancouver Aquarium">Vancouver Aquarium</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burnaby_Mountain" title="Burnaby Mountain">Burnaby Mountain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Burrard_Inlet" title="Burrard Inlet">Burrard Inlet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Burrard_Peninsula" title="Burrard Peninsula">Burrard Peninsula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Mountain_Ski_Area" title="Cypress Mountain Ski Area">Cypress Mountain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/English_Bay_(Vancouver)" class="mw-redirect" title="English Bay (Vancouver)">English Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/False_Creek" title="False Creek">False Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_River" title="Fraser River">Fraser River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Ears_(peaks)" title="Golden Ears (peaks)">Golden Ears</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grouse_Mountain" title="Grouse Mountain">Grouse Mountain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Arm" title="Indian Arm">Indian Arm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Lions_(peaks)" title="The Lions (peaks)">The Lions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Seymour" title="Mount Seymour">Mount Seymour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Grey" title="West Point Grey">Point Grey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Park,_British_Columbia" title="Queen Elizabeth Park, British Columbia">Little Mountain</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bridges_and_tunnels_in_Metro_Vancouver" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bridges_of_Metro_Vancouver" title="Template:Bridges of Metro Vancouver"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bridges_of_Metro_Vancouver" title="Template talk:Bridges of Metro Vancouver"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bridges_of_Metro_Vancouver" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bridges of Metro Vancouver"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bridges_and_tunnels_in_Metro_Vancouver" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bridges and tunnels in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Vancouver" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Vancouver">Metro Vancouver</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=204th_Street_Overpass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="204th Street Overpass (page does not exist)">204th Street Overpass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Fraser_Bridge" title="Alex Fraser Bridge">Alex Fraser Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laing_Bridge" title="Arthur Laing Bridge">Arthur Laing Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Burrard_Bridge" title="Burrard Bridge">Burrard Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cambie_Bridge" title="Cambie Bridge">Cambie Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Meridian_Overpass" title="Coast Meridian Overpass">Coast Meridian Overpass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deering_Island_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Deering Island Bridge">Deering Island Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dinsmore_Bridge" title="Dinsmore Bridge">Dinsmore Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dollarton_Bridge" title="Dollarton Bridge">Dollarton Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Viaduct" title="Georgia Viaduct">Dunsmuir & Georgia Viaducts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Ward_Bridge" title="Eleanor Ward Bridge">Eleanor Ward Bridge</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Golden Ears Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Street_Bridge" title="Granville Street Bridge">Granville Street Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ironworkers_Memorial_Second_Narrows_Crossing" title="Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing">Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Haldi_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Haldi Bridge (page does not exist)">Jacob Haldi Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Street_Bridge" title="Knight Street Bridge">Knight Street Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lions_Gate_Bridge" title="Lions Gate Bridge">Lions Gate Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moray_Bridge" title="Moray Bridge">Moray Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/No._2_Road_Bridge" title="No. 2 Road Bridge">No. 2 Road Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Street_Bridge" title="Oak Street Bridge">Oak Street Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pattullo_Bridge" title="Pattullo Bridge">Pattullo Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_River_Bridge" title="Pitt River Bridge">Pitt River Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_Mann_Bridge" title="Port Mann Bridge">Port Mann Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Queensborough_Bridge" title="Queensborough Bridge">Queensborough Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Island_Connector" title="Sea Island Connector">Sea Island Connector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westham_Island_Bridge" title="Westham Island Bridge">Westham Island Bridge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road-rail bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Way_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Derwent Way Bridge">Derwent Way Bridge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annacis_Island_Swing_Bridge" title="Annacis Island Swing Bridge">Annacis Island Swing Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CNR_Bridge" title="CNR Bridge">CNR Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marpole_Bridge" title="Marpole Bridge">Marpole Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Westminster_Bridge" title="New Westminster Bridge">New Westminster Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitt_River_Swing_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitt River Swing Bridge (page does not exist)">Pitt River Swing Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queensborough_Railway_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queensborough Railway Bridge (page does not exist)">Queensborough Railway Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Second_Narrows_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Narrows Bridge">Second Narrows Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kitsilano_Trestle" title="Kitsilano Trestle">Kitsilano Trestle (demolished)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rapid transit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Arm_Bridge" title="Middle Arm Bridge">Middle Arm Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Arm_Bridge" title="North Arm Bridge">North Arm Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skybridge_(TransLink)" title="Skybridge (TransLink)">Skybridge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burquitlam_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Burquitlam Tunnel">Burquitlam Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Line" title="Canada Line">Canada Line</a> Tunnel</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_station_(SkyTrain)" title="Columbia station (SkyTrain)">Columbia Station</a> Tunnel</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dunsmuir_Tunnel" title="Dunsmuir Tunnel">Dunsmuir Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Westminster_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Westminster Tunnel (page does not exist)">New Westminster Tunnel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedestrian bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capilano_Suspension_Bridge" title="Capilano Suspension Bridge">Capilano Suspension Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Canyon_Suspension_Bridge" title="Lynn Canyon Suspension Bridge">Lynn Canyon Suspension Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Avenue_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Avenue Bridge (page does not exist)">Patricia Avenue Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Arm_Bridge" title="North Arm Bridge">North Arm Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_River_(Burrard_Inlet)#Seymour_River_Suspension_Bridge" title="Seymour River (Burrard Inlet)">Seymour River Suspension Bridge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassiar_Tunnel" title="Cassiar Tunnel">Cassiar Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_Massey_Tunnel" title="George Massey Tunnel">George Massey Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skeena_Street_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skeena Street Tunnel (page does not exist)">Skeena Street Tunnel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BC_Railway_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BC Railway Tunnel (page does not exist)">BC Railway Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CNR_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNR Tunnel (page does not exist)">CNR Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horseshoe_Bay_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horseshoe Bay Tunnel (page does not exist)">Horseshoe Bay Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lonsdale_Tunnel" title="Lonsdale Tunnel">Lonsdale Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Tunnel" title="Thornton Tunnel">Thornton Tunnel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crossings_of_the_Fraser_River" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Crossings_of_the_Fraser_River" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crossings of the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_River" title="Fraser River">Fraser River</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr>
<td width="33%"><b>Upstream</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bridge" title="Mission Bridge">Mission Bridge</a><br /></td>
<td width="34%" style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><b>Golden Ears Bridge</b><br /></td>
<td width="33%"><b>Downstream</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Barnston_Island_Ferry" title="Barnston Island Ferry">Barnston Island Ferry</a><br /></td>
</tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1714101043' |
